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VPN Protocols Explained

Understand the differences between WireGuard, OpenVPN, IKEv2, and other VPN protocols.

12 min readLast updated: December 2024

Quick Comparison

ProtocolSpeedSecurityStabilityBest For
WireGuard
General use, streaming, mobile devices
OpenVPN
Maximum security, bypassing censorship
IKEv2/IPsec
Mobile devices, network switching
L2TP/IPsec
Legacy systems, basic privacy
PPTP
Not recommended for any use
SSTP
Windows users behind restrictive firewalls

Protocol Details

WireGuard

Introduced: 2020

Recommended

The newest and fastest VPN protocol. Uses state-of-the-art cryptography and has a minimal codebase making it easier to audit.

Pros

  • Fastest speeds
  • Modern cryptography
  • Small codebase (4,000 lines)
  • Low battery usage on mobile

Cons

  • Newer, less battle-tested
  • Static IP assignment concerns
  • Not all VPNs support it yet

Technical: Uses ChaCha20 for encryption, Curve25519 for key exchange, BLAKE2s for hashing

OpenVPN

Introduced: 2001

The industry standard for over two decades. Open-source, highly configurable, and proven secure through extensive auditing.

Pros

  • Open-source and audited
  • Highly configurable
  • Works on all platforms
  • Can bypass firewalls

Cons

  • Slower than WireGuard
  • Complex configuration
  • Can be CPU-intensive

Technical: Uses OpenSSL library, supports AES-256-GCM, configurable ports (TCP/UDP)

IKEv2/IPsec

Introduced: 2005

Developed by Microsoft and Cisco. Excellent for mobile devices due to its MOBIKE protocol that handles network switching.

Pros

  • Great for mobile
  • Fast reconnection
  • Stable connections
  • Native support on many devices

Cons

  • Closed-source (Microsoft)
  • Potential NSA concerns
  • Can be blocked by firewalls

Technical: Uses IPsec encryption, MOBIKE for seamless network transitions

L2TP/IPsec

Introduced: 1999

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol paired with IPsec for encryption. Built into most operating systems but showing its age.

Pros

  • Built into most OS
  • Easy to set up
  • Reasonably secure

Cons

  • Slow (double encapsulation)
  • Potentially compromised by NSA
  • Easily blocked

Technical: Uses AES-256 or 3DES encryption, UDP port 500/4500

PPTP

Introduced: 1999

Not Secure

One of the oldest VPN protocols. Fast but severely outdated and should not be used for security.

Pros

  • Very fast
  • Easy setup
  • Wide compatibility

Cons

  • Broken encryption
  • Easily cracked
  • Not secure at all

Technical: Uses MPPE 128-bit encryption (broken), TCP port 1723

SSTP

Introduced: 2008

Microsoft's proprietary protocol that uses SSL/TLS. Good at bypassing firewalls but Windows-only focus.

Pros

  • Bypasses most firewalls
  • Strong encryption
  • Native Windows support

Cons

  • Microsoft proprietary
  • Windows-focused
  • Closed-source concerns

Technical: Uses SSL 3.0/TLS, AES-256 encryption, TCP port 443

Our Recommendation

Use WireGuard for the best balance of speed and security. Fall back to OpenVPN if you need maximum compatibility or are bypassing censorship.

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